In Immigration Portrayed As an Experience of Uprootedness by Oscar Handlin the author begins his essay by stating that the immigrant movement started in the peasant heart of Europe. They were agriculturalists and for fifteen centuries “they were the back bone of a continent” (5). After explaining what peasant life was like Handlin claims that emigration caused …

In Military Histories Old and New: A Reintroduction  by Robert M. Citino the author begins by categorizing the three major groupings of military history. The first he mentions is “war and society” scholars who work to see the connections between societies and their militaries. The second grouping comprises of traditional operational historians who attempt to analyze …

In Historical Consciousness in the Modern Age by Mark T. Gilderhus and Mapping the Discipline of History by Ludmilla Jordonova, both authors write about how historical consciousness is shaped by individual and collective knowledge of the past, and the mental and cultural aspects that make up that knowledge. The authors also talk about the various ways historians throughout times …

In chapters one and two of John Tosh’s The Pursuit of History, Historical Awareness and The Uses of History, the author discusses the “different dimensions of social memory” to try and understand what it is that historians do and how it relates to different ways of analyzing the past. Tosh’s main arguments about social memory …